Chapter5:NomenclatureofInorganicCompounds5.1NomenclatureofInorganicCompounds5.1.2MetallicHydridesLearningOutcomesAfterviewingthisvideoyouareexpectedtohaveunderstoodmetalhydridesaresomewhatunstablecompounds.hydridesaresplitupintothreeseparategroupsi.e.ionic,covalentandinterstitialhydrides.currentinvestigationsofhydridesforuseincellsareon-going.•Metallichydridesaretermedcompounds,eventhoughtheyd...
Chapter6:AdvancedChemicalEquations6.2CombustionandDecompositionReactions6.2.1Introduction6.2.2CombustionReactions6.2.3MolecularMasses•Combustionreactionsarerapidreactionsthatproduceaflame.MostcombustionreactionsweobserveinvolveO2fromairasareactant.•Thecombustionofhydrocarbonsinair,isamajorenergy-producingprocessinourworld.•HydrocarbonscombustedinairreactwithO2toformCO2andH2O.•Thenumberofmol...
Chapter7:Gases7.1KineticTheoryofGasesLearningOutcomesAfterviewingthisvideoyouareexpectedtobeabletodiscussthecompositionofgasesintheairdescribethemostsalientpointsaboutthekinetictheoryofgasesandthedifferencebetweenrealandidealgasesansweravarietyofquestionsrelatingtoatmosphericpressure,itsunitsandhowtoconvertbetweenthemThereasonwhyagasexpandswhenheatedatconstantpressureorwhyitspressureincreaseson...
Chapter7:Gases7.3.1TheGasLaws7.3.2TheIdealGasLaw7.3.3TheKinetic-MolecularTheoryofGases7.3CombinedGasLawsRelatingtoIdealGasesLearningOutcomesAfterviewingthisvideoyouareexpectedtobeabletoexplainthegaslawsinrelationtochangesinpressure,volumeandtemperatureandthenumberofmoleculesinasample•TheBritishchemistRobertBoyle(1627–1691)wasthefirstpersontoinvestigatethequantitativerelationshipbetweenthepres...
Chapter1:Introduction1.4UnitsofMeasurement•TheSIunits(SystèmeInternationald’Unités)areuniversallyappliedtodayandhavesevenbasicunits.•Prefixesareusedthroughoute.g.millimeter=1x10-3m.•TemperatureisrelativetotheCelsiusscalebasedonthefreezingpointofwaterbeing0°C.•TheKelvinscaleistheabsolutescale,whichisthelowestpossibletemperature:0K=-273.15°C.•TheFahrenheitscaleiscommonlyemployedintheWes...
Chapter1:Introduction1.3PhysicalandChemicalChanges1.3.1PhysicalandChemicalChanges1.3.2ScientificNotation1.3.1PhysicalandChemicalChangesPhysicalpropertiesarecharacteristicsthatdonotinvolveachangeinasample’schemicalmakeup,whereaschemicalpropertiesarecharacteristicsthatdoinvolveachangeinchemicalmakeup.Themeltingpointofice,forinstance,isaphysicalpropertybecausemeltingcausesthewatertochangeonlyinfo...
Chapter1:Introduction1.2PureSubstances,CompoundsandMixtures1.2.1SeparationofMixtures1.2.2Elements1.2.3CompoundsElementsarefoundlistedintheperiodictable.Atleast118elementsareknown,andeachhaveatomsofanexactnumberofsub-atomicparticles.Intheearth’scrust49.5%isoxygen(chemicalsymbol,O).www.ptable.comForfurtherdetailsaboutanyelement,searchat1.2.2Elements1.Canyouwritedownthesymbolsof30elementsan...
Chapter1:Introduction1.1IntroductiontoBasicChemistrySyllabuscontentSyllabuscontentSyllabuscontentSyllabuscontent1.1.Classificationofmatter•Mattercanexistasasolid,liquidorgas(orvapour).•Gaseshavenofixedvolumeorshapewhereasliquidshaveafixedvolumebutnotshape.Solidsarefixedinbothrespects.•Gasesarethestateofhighestenergyandcanbecompressedwhereasliquidsandsolidscannot.ClickontheGIFtoactivatethencl...
oluChapter8:Solutions8.6ColligativeProperties8.6.1GeneralProperties8.6.2BoilingPointElevationandFreezingPointDepression8.6.3Osmosis8.6.4Colloids8.6.3OsmosisLearningOutcomesAfterviewingthisvideoyouareexpectedtobeabletoexplainhowosmosisoccursthroughasemi-permeablemembranediscusshaemodialysisindetailelaborateondifferentsolutionconcentrationsandhowtheyaffectcellsOsmosis•Certainmaterials,includingm...
oluChapter8:Solutions8.6ColligativeProperties8.6.1GeneralProperties8.6.2BoilingPointElevationandFreezingPointDepression8.6.3Osmosis8.6.4Colloids8.6.2BoilingPointElevationandFreezingPointDepressionLearningOutcomesAfterviewingthisvideoyouareexpectedtobeabletounderstandhowboilingandfreezingpointsareaffectedbyaddingsolutestopuresolventsapplythevan’tHofffactorinrelatedcalculationsextractinformation...
oluChapter8:Solutions8.6ColligativeProperties8.6.2BoilingPointElevationandFreezingPointDepression8.6.3Osmosis8.6.4Colloids8.6.1GeneralPropertiesLearningOutcomesAfterviewingthisvideoyouareexpectedtobeabletousetheequationrelatingthechangeinpartialpressureofasolutiontomolefractionofsolutionandthevapourpressureofpuresolventtoanswerspecificquestions•Loweringofthefreezingpointandraisingoftheboilingp...
oluChapter8:Solutions8.5MoleFraction,MolarityandMolalityLearningOutcomesAfterviewingthisvideoyouareexpectedtobeabletoperformcalculationsrelatingtomolefraction,molarityandmolality•Themolefractioniscommonlyutilizedandisexpressedby:•Molarityisthemostusedexpressionofconcentrationandisdefinedas:•Molalityissimilartomolarityapartfromthelitresofsolventisreplacedbythenumberofkilogramsofsolvent.•This...
oluChapter8:Solutions8.4ConcentrationofSolution,PercentageMassandPartsperMillionLearningOutcomesAfterviewingthisvideoyouareexpectedtobeabletoknowthewaysinwhichmass%,ppmandppbareexpressedandsolverelatedcalculationsrecalltheimportanceofmolarityinchemistryandapplyit•Theconcentrationofasolutioncanbeexpressedeitherqualitatively(diluteorconcentrated)orquantitatively(exactconcentration).Severalquanti...
oluChapter8:Solutions8.3Saturated,UnsaturatedandSuper-SaturatedSolutionsLearningOutcomesAfterviewingthisvideoyouareexpectedtobeabletodistinguishbetweenunsaturated,saturatedandsuper-saturatedsolutionsexplainhowcrystalformationisbestcarriedout•Asasolid(orsolute)dissolvesinasolventthesoluteconcentrationincreasesandsodothechancesoftheircollidingwiththesurfaceofthesolid.•Ifsufficientsoluteparticle...
oluChapter8:Solutions8.2FactorsAffectingSolutionsandRateofDissolutionLearningOutcomesAfterviewingthisvideoyouareexpectedtobeabletoappreciatethatthesolubilityofionicsolidsandgasesinsolventsdiffersapplyHenry’slawtocalculatethesolubilityofgasesintheirsolutionsatspecifictemperatures•SodiumchloridedissolvesinwaterduetotheattractiveforcesofthewatermoleculesbetweentheNa+andCl-ionsi.e.toformasolution...
oluChapter8:Solutions8.1TypesofSolutionLearningOutcomesAfterviewingthisvideoyouareexpectedtobeabletodescribethedifferenttypesofsolutionformedexplainhowsolvent-solventandsolute-soluteinteractionsleadtosolute-solventmixingandthustheenthalpyofsolutionSyllabusContentBasicchemicalglossarylinkMoreDictionaryOptions•Homogeneousmixturesareformedbytheinterminglingoftheircomponentsatthemolecularlevele.g....
Chapter7:Gases7.3.1CombinedGasLawRelatingtoIdealGases7.3.2TheIdealGasLaw7.3.3TheKinetic-MolecularTheoryofGases7.3CombinedGasLawsRelatingtoIdealGasesLearningOutcomesAfterviewingthisvideoyouareexpectedtobeabletoexplainthekinetic-moleculartheoryofgasesintermsofthefiveassumptionsdiscussthedistributionofmolecularspeedsandanswerrelatedquestions•Thekinetic-moleculartheoryofgases,wasdevelopedoveraperi...
Chapter6:AdvancedChemicalEquations6.4.3DoubleReplacementReactions,NatureofSolubilityLearningOutcomesAfterviewingthisvideoyouareexpectedtobeabletoappreciatewhyprecipitatesforminreactionsandtrendsinsolubilityofmetalsalts•Inprecipitationreactions,aprecipitateformsbecausethesubstanceformedhasaverylowsolubilityorisinsoluble.•Unfortunatelytherearenorulesgoverningprecipitateformation,althoughempiric...
Chapter6:AdvancedChemicalEquations6.2CombustionandDecompositionReactions6.2.4Avogadro’sNumberandtheMole6.2.5FormulaefromAnalyses•Onemoleistheamountofmatterthatcontainsasmanyobjects(atoms,molecules,orwhateverotherobjectsweareconsidering)asthenumberofatomsinexactly12gofisotopicallypure12C.•Fromexperiments,scientistshavedeterminedthisnumbertobe6.0221415x1023,roundedto6.02x1023.•Scientistscallt...
Chapter6:AdvancedChemicalEquations6.2CombustionandDecompositionReactions6.2.1Introduction6.2.2CombustionReactions6.2.3MolecularMassesLearningOutcomesAfterviewingthisvideoyouareexpectedtobeabletodefinecombustionanddecompositionreactions.applyyourknowledgeandwritechemicalequationsofeachtypeofreaction.performcalculationsrelatingtomolecularmassesandformulaeaswellasthemole.Above,twoelementscombinein...
