oluChapter8:Solutions8.6ColligativeProperties8.6.1GeneralProperties8.6.2BoilingPointElevationandFreezingPointDepression8.6.3Osmosis8.6.4Colloids8.6.4ColloidsLearningOutcomesAfterviewingthisvideoyouareexpectedtobeabletoexplainwithexampleshowtheTyndalleffectoccursdiscussthesizeofcolloidscomparedtotheparticlesinsolutionsandsuspensionsandtheirapplicationsColloids–AFewFacts•Colloidsarecommonmateri...
oluChapter8:Solutions8.6ColligativeProperties8.6.1GeneralProperties8.6.2BoilingPointElevationandFreezingPointDepression8.6.3Osmosis8.6.4ColloidsLearningOutcomesAfterviewingthisvideoyouareexpectedtobeabletousetheequationrelatingthechangeinpartialpressureofasolutiontomolefractionofsolutionandthevapourpressureofpuresolventtoanswerspecificquestions•Loweringofthefreezingpointandraisingoftheboilingp...
Chapter7:Gases7.3.1CombinedGasLawRelatingtoIdealGases7.3.2TheIdealGasLaw7.3.3TheKinetic-MolecularTheoryofGases7.3CombinedGasLawsRelatingtoIdealGasesLearningOutcomesAfterviewingthisvideoyouareexpectedtobeabletoexplainhowtheIdealGasLawappliesperformcalculationsrelatingtotheIdealGasLawTheIdealGasLaw*Theuniversalgasconstant*TheIdealGasLawClue:describethestructuresofeachgasintermsofa.molecularmassan...
Chapter6:AdvancedChemicalEquations6.4.2Strong,WeakandNon-ElectrolytesLearningOutcomesAfterviewingthisvideoyouareexpectedtobeabletounderstandthedifferencebetweenstrong,weakandnon-electrolytesDissolutioninWaterElectrolyteClassificationofSomeCommonSubstancesDefinition1•Allioniccompoundsarestrongelectrolytes,becausetheymostlybreakupintoionsastheydissolveinwater.•Eveninsolubleioniccompounds(e.g.,A...
Chapter6:AdvancedChemicalEquations6.2CombustionandDecompositionReactions6.2.4Avogadro’sNumberandtheMole6.2.5FormulaefromAnalyses•Theempiricalformulaforasubstancetellsustherelativenumberofatomsofeachelementinthesubstance.•Mercuryandchlorine,forexample,combinetoformacompoundthatismeasuredtobe74.0%mercuryand26.0%chlorinebymass.i.e.HgCl26.2.5FormulaefromAnalysesWecanobtainthemolecularformulafora...
Chapter6:AdvancedChemicalEquations6.2CombustionandDecompositionReactions6.2.1Introduction6.2.2CombustionReactions6.2.3MolecularMasses•Theformulamass(FM)ofasubstanceisthesumoftheatomicmasses(Ar)oftheatomsinthechemicalformulaofthesubstanceandisalsocalledthemolecularmass(Mrormolecularweight).e.g.FMofCaCl2=40.1+2(35.5)=111.1a.m.u.a.m.u.=atomicmassunits6.2.3MolecularMassesMolecularMasses(a)78(b)32(...
Chapter5:NomenclatureofInorganicCompounds5.1NomenclatureofInorganicCompounds5.1.1NamingBinaryCompounds(inmoredetail)LearningOutcomesAftertoday’svideoyoushouldbeabletoNameanybinarycompoundsatisfactorilyandalsowriteitschemicalformulacorrectly.NamesofFormulaeofBinaryMolecularCompoundsNamesofFormulaeofBinaryMolecularCompoundsThefollowingexamplesillustratetheserules:HowtoNameBinaryMolecularCompound...
Chapter4:ChemicalBonding(StructureofCompounds)4.5TypesofCompounds,PropertiesandFormulae4.5.1Bondingtypes4.5.2Semiconductors4.5.3Polymers4.5.4Nanomaterials•Materialsthathavedimensionsonthe1–100nmscale.•Forsemiconductors,theybehaveasthoughtheyhavedelocalizedbandsratherthanlocalizedmolecularorbitalsroughlyat1to10nm(about10-100atomsacross).•Astheparticlegetssmaller,thebandgapincreases,aneffecto...
Chapter4:ChemicalBonding(StructureofCompounds)4.5TypesofCompounds,PropertiesandFormulae4.5.1Bondingtypes4.5.2Semiconductors4.5.3Polymers4.5.4NanomaterialsSemiconductorsTheelectronicbandstructureofsemiconductorsthathavethediamondcrystalstructure.•Manysolids,however,conductelectricitysomewhat,butnowherenearaswellasmetals,whichiswhysuchmaterialsarecalledsemiconductorse.g.SiandGe(Group14).•Whenat...
Chapter4:ChemicalBonding(StructureofCompounds)4.5TypesofCompounds,PropertiesandFormulae4.5.1Bondingtypes4.5.2Semiconductors4.5.3Polymers4.5.4NanomaterialsLearningOutcomesAfterviewingthisvideo,yououghttobeabletoDifferentiatebetweenthedifferenttypesofbondingandcrystalstructures(review).Appreciatethatelementsandbinarycompoundsofcertainelementsaresemiconductorsinnatureandthattheirconductivityvaries...
Chapter4:ChemicalBonding(StructureofCompounds)4.2.4MetallicBonding4.2.4.1MetallicBonding4.2.4.2HydrogenBonding4.2.4MetallicBondingAfterwatchingtoday’svideo,yououghttobeabletoExplainindetailwhatmetallicbondingisandwhytheelectron-seamodelfailstoincludemanymetallicproperties.Appreciatewhymetalatomscanbepackedindifferentfashionse.g.face-centredcubic,body-centredcubicandhexagonal-closepacking.State...
Chapter3:PeriodicClassificationoftheElements3.3IndividualClassificationofAlkalineEarthElements,Chalcogens,HalogensandNobleGases3.3.1TheGroupIIElements–TheAlkalineEarthElementsBeBaMgSrCaRa镁钙钡锶铍镭3.3.1TheGroupIIElementsمويليريبمويسنغممويسلاكمويشنورتسمويرابمويدارberylliummagnesiumcalciumstrontiumbariumradiumQuestions1.Exceptformagnesium,howaretheGro...
Chapter3:PeriodicClassificationofElements3.2AlkaliMetalsandTransitionElementsinDepth3.2.1Group1–TheAlkaliMetals3.2.2TransitionElements•Thetransitionelementsoccupy30slotsinthePeriodicTableandarecharacterisedbyallofthembeingmetalsofvariablevalency[e.g.oxidationnumberofMn:MnCl2(+2),Mn2O3(+3),MnO2(+4),MnO42-(6+),MnO4-(7+)]•Theyformcolouredcompounds,theyexhibitinterestingmagneticproperties(duetou...
Chapter7:Gases7.5DiffusionandMeanFreePathLearningOutcomesAfterviewingthisvideoyouareexpectedtobeabletounderstandtheprinciplesofdiffusionandmeanfreepathrememberthevanderWaalsequationandapplyitinquestions•Diffusionisthespreadingofmoleculesinspace,unlikeeffusionthatrelatestodiffusionthroughahole.•TheaveragevelocityofN2moleculesatambienttemperatureis515ms-1,yetthediffusionofgasmoleculesisaslowerp...
Chapter7:Gases7.4Graham’sLawofEffusionLearningOutcomesAfterviewingthisvideoyouareexpectedtobeabletounderstandtheprincipleofeffusionandcalculateratesofeffusionandmolecularmassesofunknowngases•Therateofeffusionofagaswasfoundtobeinverselyproportionaltothesquarerootofitsmolarmass.Graham’sLawofEffusionhttp://kentchemistry.com/links/GasLaws/GrahamsLaw.htmThomasGraham•In1846,ThomasGraham(1805–186...
Chapter7:Gases7.2IdealandRealGasesLearningOutcomesAfterviewingthisvideoyouareexpectedtobeabletodistinguishidealandrealgasesandunderstandthatrealgasesdeviatesignificantlyfromidealityathightemperatureandpressure.%intheatmospheregaseouspollutantsGases•Theidealgasequationdoesnotdescribeexactlythebehaviourofrealgases.Theequationisdescribedby:PV=nRTVbeingthevolumeofgas,Rtheuniversalgasconstantandnth...
Chapter6:AdvancedChemicalEquations6.1RulesandBalancingEquationsLearningOutcomesAfterviewingthisvideoyouareexpectedtobeabletobalancechemicalequationslikeanexpert.remembereveryvocabularyitemstudiedintoday’sclass!•AntoineLavoisierformulatedthelawofmassconservationwhereby“atomsareneithercreatednordestroyedduringanychemicalreaction”.Thisareaofstudyisknownasstoichiometry(Greekstoicheion=element,m...
Chapter5:NomenclatureofInorganicCompounds5.3Acids,Bases,theConceptofH+Concentration,Ionisation(Dissociation)andpOHLearningOutcomesAfterviewingthisvideoyouareexpectedtohaveunderstoodthatacidscontainH+ionsinexcessandvaryinstrength.howwaterdissociatesandbeabletoderivetheexpressionforpHfromtheionicproduct.thatpH=-log10[H+],indicatorshavedistinctcoloursatdifferentpHandbeabletoapplythisequationincalc...
Chapter5:NomenclatureofInorganicCompounds5.2TernaryandHigherCompoundsLearningOutcomesAfterviewingthisvideoyouareexpectedtohaveunderstoodhowsimplesaltsarenamedandanswerquestions,includingthedrawingofformulae.therulesfornamingcoordinationcomplexesandapplythemtosolvingexampleseithernamingformulaeorvice-versa.FurtherCommonPolyatomicIonsCationswhichhavetakenonmorethanonepositivechargearelabelledwith...
Chapter4:ChemicalBonding(StructureofCompounds)4.4PolyatomicIonsandWritingFormulaeLearningOutcomesAftertoday’svideoyoushouldbeabletoNameallofthecationsandanionscommonlyencounteredininorganicchemistry.Writeouttheformulaeofdifferentioniccompoundswithaccuracy,includingacids.VideolinkSyllabusContentChargesofSomeIonsCommonOxyanionsThecompositionandchargesofcommonoxyanionsarerelatedtotheirlocationint...
