英语名词分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。普通名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数之分,不可数名词没有复数形式。但在特殊情况下,他们也可用作可数名词。A.名词的分类(1)规则变化1.词尾+s:desks,maps,cats,roofs…pens,rooms,dogs,cars…2.词尾+es:buses,watches,glasses,brushes…3.辅音+y→ies:baby–babies,city–cities4.元音+y→ys:days,boys,keys…5.辅音+o+es:potatoes,tomatoes,heroes例外:kilos,photos,pianos…B.名词复数形式的构成(1)规则变化6.元音+o+s:zoos,bamboos,radios,studios工作室7.词尾f或fe→ves:half–halves,life–lives,knife–knifes/self,shelf架子,loaf一条,wife,thief,wolf,leaf,etc例外:roofs,chiefs首领,proofs,beliefs,safes保险箱,griefs悲伤,handkerchiefs,cliffs悬崖,…B.名词复数形式的构成(1)规则变化8.字母或数字的复数形,以加s为原则:e.g.mindyourp’sandq’s谨慎行事inthe1980’s=inthe1980s’phD’s=phDsB.名词复数形式的构成(2)不规则变化1.改变元音的字母:man–men,woman–women,foot–feet,goose–geese,tooth–teeth,mouse–mice2.词尾+en或ren:ox–oxen,child–children3.单复数同形:deer,sheep,aircraft航空器,cattle,Chinese,B.名词复数形式的构成(2)不规则变化4.外来语的复数形:datum–data,basis–bases,crisis–crises,antenna–antennae触角,medium–media,analysis–analyses,…B.名词复数形式的构成(3)复合名词的复数1.主要的词改为复数:passers-by行人,fathers-in-law岳父,maid-servants女仆2.前后两词均改为复数:men-servants,women-doctors,3.词尾+s:grown-ups,forget-me-nots勿忘草B.名词复数形式的构成1.表示不可数名词量的概念,要使用单位名词。.abarofchocolate,apieceoffurniture,adropofwater,anitemofnews,aloafofbread,apieceofadvice2.某些数量词只能修饰可数名词:many,few/afew,a(large)numberof,agoodmanyof,etc.3.某些数量词只能修饰不可数名词:much,little/alittle,agreatdealof,alargeamountof,aquantityof…C.使用名词单复数时的注意事项4.某些数量词既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词:some,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,apercentageof一部分…5.有些名词的复数形式表示特殊的意义:times时代,works著作,goods货物,greens蔬菜,regards问候,contents目录,papers论文/文件,parts零件directions指示/用法,gains...