物化词汇部分：Chemicalthermodynamics化学热力学Chemicalkinetics化学动力学物理化学的分支：quantumchemistry量子化学；structurechemistry结构化学；catalysis催化；electrochemistry电化学；colloidchemistry胶体化学。热力学体系：closedsystem封闭体系：asystemthatdoesnotallowtransferofsubstancebutenergyisolatedsystem孤立体系：asystemthatdoesnotallowtransferofsubstanceandenergyopensystem开放体系：asystemthatallowtransferofsubstanceandenergyInternalenergy内能：motions分子运动；interaction相互作用；bondingofitsconstituentmolecules分子成键（ionicbond离子键,covalentbond共价键,coordinationbond配位键,hydrogenbond氢键,metallicbond.金属键）externalenergy外能：（velocity速度；locationofitscenterofmass位置）=kinetic动力+potentialenergy势能Thermalenergy(internalenergy+heat)Mechanicalenergy(externalenergy+mechanical/electricalwork)Heat:energytransferasaresultsofonlytemperaturedifferenceWork:energytransferbyanymechanismthatinvolvesmechanicalmotionacrossthesystemboundaries.Microscopicproperties:moleculekineticenergy分子动能(translationalenergy跃迁能,rotationalenergy转动能,vibrationalenergy振动能)Intermolecularforces分子间力(electrostaticforces静电力,inductionforces感应能,forcesofattraction(ordispersionforces)分散能andrepulsion排斥能,specific(chemical)forceslikehydrogenbonds)Intermolecularpotentials分子势(Lennard-Jonespotential)Macroscopicproperties:pressure,volume,temperatureextensivevariables广度性质(volume,mass)intensivevariables强度性质(T,P,molarvolume,molarmass)ThermodynamicEquilibriums热力学平衡:thermalequilibrium,热平衡forceequilibrium,力平衡phaseequilibrium,相平衡chemicalequilibrium化学平衡PVTrelationscompressibilityfactor压缩因子expansioncoefficient体积膨胀系数compressibilitycoefficient等温压缩系数热力学定律Thefirstlawofthermodynamics*Energyisneithercreatednordestroyed,butmaychangeinformsenthalpy焓heatcapacity热容isochoric等容isobaric等压reversible可逆,irreversible不可逆isothermal等温,adiabatic绝热(diabatic),cyclic循环,freeexpansion自由膨胀throttling节流(isenthalpy等焓,Joule-Thomso...